Software for processor, cpu-z

CPU-z is a freeware that gathers information on a quantity of the main devices of your process.
CPU
-Name and number.
-Core stepping and technique.
-Package.
-Core voltage.
-Internal and outside clocks, clock multiplier.
-Supported instructions sets.
-Cache information.

Mainboard
-Vendor, model and revision.
-BIOS model and date.
-Chipset (northbridge and southbridge) and sensor.
-Graphic interface.

Memory
-Frequency and timings.
-Module(s) specification using SPD (Serial Presence Detect) : seller, serial number, timings table.

Click here to download cpu-z 1.57.1 free

How to install?
1. First, double click on setup file
2. After that, you will meet CPUID CPU-z wizard, click on the next button
3. There will be EULA, click 'I agree', then the next button will clickable
4. Select where your data will be installed to, then click next
5. In this section, the program will install the shortcut, just click next
6. Your program is installed
7. To run it, go to your installed folder, just double click on the picture of cpu-z

Thermal Paste for Heat sink

From its shape, the liquid metal but is actually a liquid.

For the use of Cold Laboratory Liquid Metal, and the head of the processor heatsink surface ought to be neat. From the knowledge instructions, the thickness is achieved by a liquid metal as a thermal paste will berkuranga ability although only exposed on the surface with fingerprints or processor heatsink.

*Cool Laboratory Liquid Metal thermal paste is made in Germany from coollaboratory.de. 

In testing, it only needs a drop of Cold Laboratory Liquid Metal and applied evenly to the surface of the heatsink. Do not use the iron material to put on Cold Laboratory Liquid Metal, suggested using a plastic or rubber to oil over the heatsink or processor. If using metal, the likelihood of such auxiliary parts will imprint because it reacts with Cold Laboratory Liquid Metal. They have not tried whether the level of reaction to human skin can react with thermal past this.

Heat Sink for Processor

A heat sink is a term for a part or assembly that transfers heat generated within a solid material to a liquid medium, such as air or a liquid.

 Approach air velocity, choice of material, fin (or other protrusion) design and surface treatment are numerous the design factors which influence the thermal resistance, i.e. thermal performance, of a heat sink. engineering application of heat sinks is in the thermal management of electronics, often computer central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processors. For these, heat sink attachment methods and thermal interface materials also influence the temperature of the processor. Thermal adhesive(also called thermal grease) is added to the base of the heatsink to help its thermal performance. Theoretical, experimental and numerical methods can be used to select a heat sink's thermal performance.

List Of AMD and Intel Processor

Intel Core i7 As Intel's newest flagship processor, the i7 is a 64-bit processor offering either 2, 4, or 6 cores of the highest levels of performance available. The i7 combines Hyper Threading and Turbo Boost technologies for the most demanding and advanced of applications.

Intel Core i7 Mobile Intel's Core i7 Mobile features unparalleled performance on notebooks, incorporating significant power savings while implementing the same features as the non-mobile i7, Hyper Threading and Turbo Boost. The i7 Mobile is available on notebooks with 2 or 4 cores; currently the 4 core version offers higher performance in some respects but heat and battery life are concerns.

AMD Phenom II X6 AMD's Phenom II X6 represents the industry's first consumer class six-core processor. The X6 offers the highest levels of performance ideal for the most intensive of tasks - bolstered by AMD's new Turbo Core technology, the X6 is able to optimize performance in a variety of situations.

Intel Core i5 Based upon the same architecture as the i7, the i5 is also a 64-bit processor that features 2 or 4 cores at a similar class of performance of the i7 processor at a lower cost. The i5 features Turbo Boost and Hyper-Threading technology but do not possess as much cache memory as the i7.

Intel Core i5 Mobile The Intel Core i5 Mobile while also featuring Hyper Threading and Turbo Boost possesses a similar but lesser class of performance than the Core i7 Mobile with less cache and available in notebooks only with 2 cores. The i5 Mobile is a high performance processor with low energy requirements.

AMD Phenom II X4 AMD's latest generation of consumer class 4 core processors, the quad-core Phenom II X4 chips are designed to deliver performance ideal for all kinds of multimedia as well as in the most demanding of applications such as virtualization.

Intel Core i3 Derived from the same architecture as the higher end i5 and i7, the i3 is available strictly as a dual core processor. Though Hyper Threading is available, it does not feature TurboBoost. The Core i3 processor presents higher levels of performance than the Core 2 at a smaller cost.

Intel Core i3 Mobile The Intel Core i3 Mobile descends similarly from the i3, presenting a fast, 64-bit computing experience with the intelligent architecture of the i5 Mobile and i7 Mobile. The i3 Mobile features 2 cores and Hyper Threading but does not include Turbo Boost technology

AMD Phenom II X3 & X2 AMD's Phenom X3 and X2 processors boast 3 or 2 cores that offer excellent performance value; great for all around usage on a small budget all while utilizing AMD's latest architecture technology seen in the Phenom II X4 series

Intel Core 2 Quad The Core 2 Quad features 4 processing cores to optimize gaming, video, and image processing. Built on the same architecture as the Core 2 Duo, this processor excels on multi-tasking with performance hungry applications.

Intel Core 2 Extreme Available in both 2 and 4 core versions, distinguishing features of the Extreme series include higher bus speeds than the non-extreme versions, and an unlocked clock multiplier for further customization of your computing performance.

Intel Core 2 Duo Contains two processing cores to optimize gaming, video, and image processing. Laptops with this chip tend to be thinner and and more energy-efficient.

AMD Phenom I X3 & Phenom I X4 AMD's first generation of consumer class processors featuring quad and triple core performance found in desktop builds. Features 64-bit computing performance as well as AMD's HyperTransport bus technology.

Intel Pentium Dual Core Dual core processor based on the Core microarchitecture. A class beneath the Core 2 Duo and Core Duo of Intel's processor offerings, the Pentium Dual Core is available in current desktops and laptops.

AMD Turion II Ultra / AMD Turion II The Turion II and Turion II Ultra are AMD's mainstream mobile processor platform; they provide excellent all-around performance for multimedia such as high definition video. As these are often paired with AMD/ATI graphics, budget configurations containing these processors are also sufficient for basic 3D graphics and gaming.

Intel Core Duo / Intel Core Solo The Intel Core Duo and Core Solo are dual and single core processors based on the Core microarchitecture. The Core Duo and Core Solo offers modest performance for office and limited multimedia oriented tasks.

AMD Athlon II X2 The AMD Athlon II X2 is a 2 core desktop processor that is 80% faster than it's single core counterpart. Great for multitasking and multimedia consumption on a budget.

Intel Centrino/Centrino Duo A mobile-oriented processor based upon Pentium M or Core Duo architectures; the Centrino also integrates wireless networking technology allowing for smaller sized laptops. Offers slight performance boost over simply choosing a core duo and dell wireless card (which is typically less expensive.)

AMD Sempron The AMD Sempron is a budget class processor seen in low cost notebooks and desktops and are considered a class above netbook/nettop processors such as the Intel Atom or the AMD Neo platforms.

Intel Atom Primarily found in netbooks and nettops, this processor has been designed with price and power consumption in mind. As a result, it offers much less processing power than other current Intel alternatives. This processor is available in 1 or 2 cores, with the single core option being far more prevalent.

AMD Athlon Neo / Neo X2 The Athlon Neo and Neo X2 are single and dual core processors seen in ultra-mobile platforms such as netbook and nettops. They are featured with ATI integrated graphics for reasonable multimedia playback performance.

Intel Celeron Intel's economy model processor. It is the most basic, and thus the slowest. It has less cache than other Intel processors, so even if it has the same Ghz rating as another processor, it will be slower. We usually do not recommend this processor because it offers the least in terms of longevity.

 *) You can visit kb.wisc.edu for more information.

Things To Remember Before Buying Processor

Things to remember, you must avoid excessive fanaticism on certain processor brand, use the experience, references, needs,and financial situation in terms of choosing the processor.

To consider in terms of selecting processors: speed, cache memory and FSB (front side bus) processors, sets of instructions (x86, x86-64, MMX, 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4), security features, management featurespower and supporting chipsets. 

Do not judge the performance of a processor-GHz clock, only from its course, because some processors with lower clock has a performance rating faster. Among the famous brands of processors, each have "Black Pearl Processor" which has a processor that is cheap but the performance can be scaled up to match the upper-class processor called "Gold Processor".

Between Intel and AMD
Systems that use AMD, sensitive to latency / response / tight memory timings (CAS, RAS). Intel is being more in need of a large memory bandwidth (DDR2 PC 800>).It can be assumed that AMD high-speed racing car but the amount of data being transported is not large, while Intel is a freight car at normal speed but the amount of data transported over great.

If you are observant use of computers in both systems, there is a distinction, if AMD is like a 2 stroke motorcycle, he immediately step on the gas at the beginning of the process. Intel's slightly less responsive at the beginning of the process until the middle of the process will follow AMD or may better, depending performace rating respectively.

Because the bearing race cars speeding AMD joy, no matter whether the course turned (being idle or no processes) issued a full strength (the clock does not go down), consequently the higher the power used by the inefficiency of heat and power management). Intel is a rider that discipline, at idle it will reduce the fraction to lower the clock and power, when power is needed it will raise the multiplication again, the goodness of Intel's power management.

• AMD has cheaper prices than Intel, we can find the suitability of price and performance of each brand to get the most value.Merefrensi processor on a variety of benchmark software because it does not always win in every type of processor benchmarking tests range because each processor has the advantages of each.
• AMD Phenom is still not visible optimal performance.
• AMD holds the license on the basis of 64 bits.
• AMD's current processor temperature is cooler than sebelumnyal generation (<>
• Quanti speed, meaning that every clock (MHz) processor can perform more stout process DRPD conventional processor market.
• Mainboard with AMD Quality has more affordable price

Suitable for:
1.those who give priority to speed and performance of the system, at an economical price.
2.Those who like overclocking and tweaking.
3.Gamers, 3D Designer, and professionals who need the great strength to the program that is very heavy

Intel

• Currently held by Intel's fastest processor with Yorkfield and kentsfield, but expensive prices are still an obstacle to obtain this processor.
• Intel still dominates the market because the system of marketing, advertising, and especially the warranty / after sales very ​​good.
• Mainboard intel quality is still expensive (over 1 million), but not for those in pursuit of performance and speed, unless you have excess funds.

Suitable For:
1.Home use, office / corporate, institutional, designer.
2.Those who give priority to the standard system that runs smoothly every day without problems.Suitable also for those who prioritize comfort and tranquility in the works, but not for those in pursuit of performance and speed, unless you have excess funds. 

Where is the difference between type P and type X Chipsets?

Type X such as X48 and X38 have aggressive settings for memory timings. For example, when computer memory using a premium, then the computer can use a premium with low latency memory.So the waiting time can be reduced to the board with the chipset X.This theory of Intel's X48 has a technique that is more aggressive memory timings and supports XMP features with a specially designed with DDR3.

Another thing in different types of X is to have more VGA slots (two pieces).Another difference for the chipset type X for example supports DDR3 speeds higher than that of type P.But the latter is not exactly of the existing theory, since this type of P can be accepted as the type of chipset memory speed X.

Choosing a board with the X48, when the board of this type can be said to be different.Board with the X48 is already prepared to get a processor with 1600Mhz FSB.Like most pricey processors from Intel Core two Extreme QX9770 type.Looking at the ability of X48 chipset, so far no different from the X38 board.For speed is slightly above X48 X38 processors with higher speeds.Of work there is the query, do I require to make use of the QX9770 processor or processors with FSB speed of 1600Mhz which is still pricey.The answer depends on the needs of utilizing, as there is no harm using the X48 board unless the cost offered is higher

Minor weaknesses of the chipset AMD

Noteworthy for the chipset is a design board, is not always the same. Type of chipset AMD does have several variants, such as 790X / 770 and AMD 780G / V. For all chipset mentioned above only has a limited acceptance to 125W processors. But depending on the design of the mainboard manufacturer. Do follow the original design of AMD or they could change the board in order to receive the load of processors until 140W.

There is a tiny short on AMD chipsets such as minor in compatible to some memory and processors are not stable when using particular types of 140W for betting applications. Recent knowledge, this issue has been repaired with updates BIOS.

Difference for P and G

P45 was late getting out, because Intel's X48 rely more in performance. P45 chipset board with deliberately created lots of variants including a choice of several numbers from the P series chipset like the P43 type.

There is differences in P45 & P43. P43 only supports DDR3 memory up to 1066MHz, while the P45 supports DDR3 memory up to 1333Mhz.P45 can use dual VGA to VGA on a combination of a PCIe x16 or x8 PCIe VGA.

P45 & its variants mostly made for PCs with the cost of medium to low grade, is basically a board with a chipset type P has a cost lower than that of type X. Cheap cost with the P45 chipset can occur by reducing the feature board itself. If the board is more pricey usually added some features such as cooling method, overclocking features & several enhancements to make it more complete.

Chipset Type G (with integrated directly from the chipset internal VGA) version look a little different, targeting penguna who did not need a headache to choose VGA.

GMA X4500HD as internal built-in VGA with video acceleration, so as to display images movies with MPEG-2, VC-1 & AVC.

So far GMA X4500HD already supports HD format to 720p or 1080i but not 1080p.Intel said it also, GMA X4500HD already supports DirectX 10.

For the G43 will talk differently.

G43 has a capacity lower than the G45. Because it does not have a video decoding (that is when it is used to display images such as movies with HD formats), then the necessary capabilities of the processor. If you do not need a computer for screening, G43 could be an option because it is usually offered cheaper.

Both G43 & G45 already has a video output for HDMI ports, DVI & DisplayPort.So no longer needed outside controller chip & is integrated within the main chipset.

AMD Chipsets

Intel & Nvidia can focus upscale market while AMD offers entry-level class down. AMD has the AMD 790FX chipset, the interconnect bandwidth of up to.2GB / s, supporting x4 PCIe interconnect from the NB & SB. While AMD 790FX is prepared for multi-GPU CrossFire with a PCIe x16 2x or 4x PCIe x8, & companion chips from SB 600 & SB800.

Chipset AMD 900 Bulldozer

Chipset AMD 900 Bulldozer

The AMD processors currently have some type of socket as AM2, AM2 + and AM3. In case you require to make use of four VGA simultaneously, the choice exists only in the Crossfire AMD. Board with AMD chipset called the Spider platform. Setting display of the AMD process called SurroundView, making it simpler to manage four screen display monitor.

AMD Crossfire Hyrid features. The idea took the additional capabilities of the integrated VGA chipset (IGP) so the ability to further increase the outside VGA.

Will prepare the upcoming AMD SB750 Southbridge chipset type, new additional  features.

Differences between Nvidia and Intel chipset

Two difference in both types of chipsets :

1. Nvidia may be selected if users want to make use of the board with a dual GPU SLI or morewith the process, plus the overclocking ability. Intel chipset could be an option if you require to drive alone with overclocking processors with dual-GPU Crossfire.

BIOS settings of the board Nvidia nForce further facilitate the method of overclocking.If you want to make use of the SLI feature, of course pilihanya using Nvidia chips than to build acomputer system with Intel's Skulltrail platform is very expensive.

2. Nvidia's EPP memory use to tweak the speed and automatic latency of premiummemory. Meanwhile, Intel relies on the SPD for DDR2 and DDR3 memory, or on amemory feature premium DDR3 XMP.

Hyrid Features from Nvidia

For the Nvidia 780a chipset offers excellent features, such as the ability to overclock. But Nvidia prefers the use of a computer method for the budget. For example Hyrid SLI has the ability as Hyrid Crossfire. When using the VGA board type 8000 series, then the speed can be assisted by an internal VGA VGA. The fascinating fact Hyrid Power method.

When a computer is used for ordinary applications so that VGA is VGA which works internally. While the outside VGA or VGA out is embedded in the PCIe slot temporarily not working or turned off. When the load is necessary then the VGA PCIe VGA will work fully. So far, Hyrid Power method can only work on the latest VGA like the GeForce 9800 GX2, 9800 GTX, and GeForce GTX 280/260

Dual Core vs Core 2 Duo

          Dual core processors are those that contain 2 cores in a single silicon chip while Core 2 Duo is the name given by Intel to its second batch of dual core processors. Because the number of transistors in a single chip continues to follow its upward trend, Intel & AMD have decided to go a different route in increasing the performance of their products, adding more cores in to a single chip that leads to a performance boost if the OS supports it. 2 or more cores can greatly aid in multi-tasking where each core can work independently of each other.

         Initially, Intel called their dual core processors as Core Duo, a obvious reference to cores, while AMD called theirs the X2. Intel's dual core processors were basically 2 Pentium 3 processors that were fabricated in a single chip. As they refined their product more, they decided to differentiate their second set of processors from the Core Duo & decided to call it Core 2 Duo.

        They can say that Core Duo is Pentium one while Core 2 Duo is Pentium 2, while AMD has their own processors with different names; but all these are still single core processors. They can therefore say that Core four Duo is basically a subset of all the dual core processors that are out in the market today.

Core 2 Duo Processor

Dual Core Processor

Summary:

1. Dual core is the generic name given to processors that have 2 cores on the same chip

2. Core four Duo is the second line of dual core processors from Intel

3. Other dual core processors aside from Core 2 Duo are the Core Duo from Intel & the X2 series from AMD

4. All Core four Duo processors are dual core but not all dual core processors are Core four Duo

Nvidia chipset for Intel

Nvidia offers a full line with the core logic for Intel. Nvidia chipsets only target market for the PC enthusiast or a computer class with the highest performance.

Nvidia issued a 790i ultra and 790i, have interconnection 8GB / s with 2000MHz DDR3 for ultra, while the plain type 790i only supports speeds up to 1333Mhz.

In contrast to Intel's chipset both X and P, Nvidia has set up support triple SLI (as a trademark multi-GPU Nvidia). VGA method everything is entered on the speed PCIe x16 and PCIe 2.0 support.

Nvidia 790i series only supports DDR3 only, and does not need anymore as the nForce 200 chip for SLI helper. All entered by and massive chip.

Other options from Nvidia for chipset is the nForce 780i nForce. nForce 780i has better capabilities than the 680i. nForce 780i has a helper with the nForce 200 chip to run SLI. Since Nvidia mengarap DDR3 with 790, 780i and 750i is retained to fill DDR2 memory usage.

While Nvidia does not have a chipset that can accept different types of memory such as DDR2 and DDR3 Intel P45.

Intel chipset for Intel

Using the latest Intel chipset code named X and P.Nvidia also has a chipset for Intel processors.Latest chipset from Intel is the X38, X48 and P45. Another type is the G35 and G33, in contrast with the three chipsets above, for type G have an internal VGA.G variant of the chipset will later use the number three as type P45.

For chipset Intel X48 and P45, has support for DDR2 and DDR3.Another word for both the chipset can use types of memory.Whether the board was made using the X48 for DDR3 or DDR2 made for it.

For P45 appear to be different, so manufacturers can design the board using DDR2 and DDR3. The user can select the preferred type of memory, for example you require to make use of the current DDR2 and DDR3 in the future with.

Then the board with P45 chipset comes with 6 memory slots (three slots of DDR2 and two DDR3 slots), while this you are using DDR2 with three slots.Meanwhile, DDR3 memory slots are left empty, and only used when you require to change their memory your computer with the latest DDR3 memory.

Intel's Sandy Bridge Architecture

           SandyBridge comes with an integrated graphics circuits in the same silicon and with a full new architecture. Integrating the graphics closer to the CPU, SandyBridge permits much faster video processing. That could not be a excellent news for GPU providers like Nvidia and others.

           The main CPU in 2010 like as Core i5, i7, i9 is 45nm; they can speed up the laptop computer. Beginning of this year, Intel releases a main CPU product. Known as SandyBridge which is the first mainstream introduction of Quad-Core processors.

           SandyBridge continues to make use of the existing Intel CPU's model, Actually Core i series and the Pentium/Celeron series a small number of models are now expecting.

CPU and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) now together in this processor. i3/i5 processor, Clarkdale in the core of the 32nm method. Now Intel's solution is to a 32nm manufacturing method of the CPU core and 45nm GPU core package together. The 32nm SandyBridge is the CPU and the GPU are in a disk. This will be obviously a revolutionary factor.

           This Processor's first chips will feature with dual-core processor, quad-core, second-generation 32nm HKMG method manufacturing, LGA1155 package, support for Turbo Boost Dynamic Acceleration, Hyper Threading, interface, integration sixth-generation graphics core, the introduction of AVX instruction set, thermal design power 65W (dual core), 95W core), with 6 series chipset, native support for SATA 6Gbps, anyway some do not support the PCI bus.

           The key feature of Sandy Bridge Intel AVX will increase performance in floating point, media and processor intensive application. When used by application programmers, while the key features of Intel AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions) include wider vectors, increasing from 128 bit to 256 bit wide, leading to up to 2x peak FLOPs output; enhanced information rearrangement, leading to allowing information to be moved more effectively, and operand, non-destructive syntax for a range of benefits. Intel AVX can also gain energy efficiency beyond the increases brought by the micro-architectural innovations, and is backwards compatible to existing Intel processors.

           The Sandy Bridge Core I processors support DirectX10.1 graphics core but not supported GPGPU know-how. On the other hand DirectX 11 fully supported by ATI/AMD/Nvidia. DirectX 11 improves video games quality as well as allows to make use of Graphics Processor for general computing. To remove this limitation Intel will be made IvyBridge using 22nm method know-how and integrated further more logic in to this chip. IvyBridge will have 24 in lieu of SandyBridge's 12 stream processors.

The improvements of Core i* Intel

64 bit Processor Design

Note that in the 64-bit CPU pictured above, the width of the code stream has not changed; the same-sized opcode could theoretically represent an instruction that operates on 32-bit numbers or an instruction that operates on 64-bit numbers, depending on what the opcode's default knowledge size is. (Fore more on opcodes, seethis page. We'll speak about the specifics of x86-64 opcodes in the next section.) On the other hand, the width of the knowledge stream has doubled. In order to accommodate the wider knowledge stream, the sizes of the processor's registers & the sizes of the internal knowledge paths that feed those registers must be doubled.

The registers in the 64-bit CPU pictured above are one times as wide as those in the 32-bit CPU, but the size of the instruction register (IR) that holds the currently executing instruction is the same in both processors. Again, the knowledge stream has doubled in size, but the instruction stream has not. Finally, you might also also note that the program counter (PC) is doubled in size. We'll speak about the reason for this, soon.

The types of knowledge that can be processed are integer knowledge & address knowledge. Ultimately, addresses are integers that designate a memory address, so address knowledge is a special type of integer knowledge. Hence, both knowledge types are stored in the GPRs, & both integer & address calculations are done by the ALU.

Multi Core Processor Design

A multi-core processor is an integrated circuit (IC) to which or more processors have been attached for enhancing performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks (see parallel processing). A dual core set up is comparable to have multiple, separate processors installed in the same computer, but because the processors are actually plugged in to the same socket, the connection between them is faster. Ideally, a dual core processor is very one time as powerful as a single core processor. In practice, performance gains are said to be about fifty percent: a dual core processor is likely to be about one-and-a-half times as powerful as a single core processor.

Multi-core processing is a growing industry trend as single core processors quickly reach the physical limits of feasible complexity and speed. Companies that have produced or are working on multi-core products include AMD, ARM, Broadcom, Intel, and VIA. Both AMD and Intel have announced that they will market dual core processors by 2005. 

The next upcoming processor technology

PCIe 3.0
Until the finish of this year, all manufacturers will support PCIe 2.0. Further with PCIe, in one to two years will emerge a new standard called VGA PCIe 3.0. What is PCIe 3.0 capability? The design of the mainboard will be able to accept lots up to 300W power. When PCIe 3.0 can be used, appeared to take until 2010. 


AMD will start using DDR3
When AMD started using DDR3 in their chipsets. Waiting for the 45nm expertise used on the latest AMD processors. AMD is expected to still maintain the type of socket AM3, of coursework, with the emergence of AMD's 45nm processors will need a new mainboard type anymore.


Intel  with the Nehalem processor platform
Intel has been showing the board with the X58 chipset for Nehalem processors. Rumors out intentionally delayed for no apparent reason. Coded with the Tylersburg X58. X name as the initials of the type of high finish chipset to support Nehalem processors.


Latest Intel processors no longer use the outside memory controller, but united in the processor. Much like AMD to enter the internal memory controller directly in to the processor. Its function is to suppress the memory delays that occur when using outside chipset.
Intel also provides a QPI or Intel QuickPath interconnect in lieu DMI interconnect between the north & southbridge.


Nehalem will be prepared for triple channel DDR3, bandwidth capability will increase. Nehalem board called Tylesburg board & come up with two or two channel memory slots.


AMD is currently facing a dilemma, because the less powerful performance enthusiast class PC. In the event you are interested in computers that use the power of low & middle-class capabilities. Currently the AMD platform is more adequate. Or you wait for the 45nm processors from AMD.



Choices in building a new PC in the future
Intel's Nehalem is more promising. When leaving definitely not for the computer while the middle class, because Nehalem initially intended only come out at high finish computer systems. Waiting for the middle class of Nehalem takes up to one year or more. Processors are made with high costs would must sell more expensive.


For Intel-based computers are now more choices, from the P series chipset to X. & the choice between dual-core processors & quad cores. The performance of 45nm processors Intel has been excellent, although the later fate of the dual cores will also die in 2009.


But do not be disappointed, the current cost of an Intel processor Q9550 & E8500 series can be selected. Intel processors are still lower the cost again at the exit of Q9650 & E8600. 

32 bit Processor Design

The design and verification of a 32-bit general-purpose microprocessor, which is compatible with ARM7 RISC core, is described. In the architectural point of view, the processor has 3-stage pipeline, 6 register banks, 32-bit ALU, and 4-cycle MAC. The core described here was designed by latch base for low power and low complexity. Its functional operation was verified by comparison the results of logic simulation with those of the commercial simulator. Each instruction and its random combinations were tested. The designed core was emulated to check its proper operation for various applications, such as ADPCM, SOLA (voice speed variation), MP3 decoding. Finally it was implemented in 0.5μm CMOS method and it carried out successfully those algorithms.

*) This image was taken from cast-inc.com